标准名称：	石油天然气钻井健康、安全与环境管理体系指南
英文名称：	Health safe and environmental management system guidelinge for oil and gas drilling
中标分类：	石油 >> 石油综合 >> 卫生、安全、劳动保护
ICS分类：
发布日期：	1997-08-25
实施日期：	1997-11-01
首发日期：	1900-01-01
作废日期：	1900-01-01
出版日期：	1900-01-01
页数：	14页

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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforVisualSignalsBetweenPersonsontheGroundandinAircraftDuringGroundEmergencies
【原文标准名称】:地面发生紧急情况时地勤人员与飞行器中人员之间可视信号的标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMF1591-1995(2006)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F32.02
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:通信设备;地面发生紧急情况时地勤人员与飞行器中人员之间;应急;寻找和解救与难人员;可视通信;实用;飞行器;信号;地面;事故;可视信号
【英文主题词】:aircraft;communications;distress;emergencies;ground;search;signals;visual
【摘要】:Whilemanyofthereasonsforneedingthesignalscontainedinthispracticehavebeenovercomebytechnologydevelopment,situationsstillarisewherevoicecommunicationscannotbeestablishedbetweenaircraftandpersonsonthegroundduringemergencies.Thisisparticularlytrueofpersonsindistress,whotypicallyhavenocommunicationsequipment.Thesesignalscontinuetomeettheneedforcommunications.Mostofthesesignalshavebeenadoptedbyinternationalconvention,theothersbycivilianandmilitaryagenciesoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.Thesignalsdescribedinthispracticeareintendedforuseonlandandcanbemadewithoutspecialequipmentsuchasflaresorcoloredpanels.OthersignalingsystemsaredescribedintheNationalSearchandRescue(SAR)Manual.3Thesignalsarealsousefulinsituationswhereeithercompleteorpartialvoicecommunicationsexist.Whereonlypartialcapabilitiesexist,forexample,agroundunitwithreceive-onlycapability,theaircrewcantransmitvoiceandthegroundcrewcanrespondwiththeappropriatesignal.3.3.1ThesignalsdescribedinSection4,bytheirnature,arenotintendedforreal-timecommunicationswithaircraft.Theycanbeleftunattendedasmessagesforaircrews.Personsontheground(SARorotherwise)canmakeasignalandcontinueonwithoutcontactwiththeaircraft.TheSARpersonnelshouldkeepthisinmindwhenencounteringthesignalsofFig.1.Searchandrescueagenciesutilizingthispracticeshoulddisseminatethesesignalstothepublicaspartoftheirpreventativesearchandrescue(PSAR)efforts.Thesignalshavechangedovertheyearsandanumberofpublicationscontainobsoletesignals.FIG.1Ground-to-AirSignalsDESIG:F159195(Reapproved2006)^TITLE:StandardPracticeforVisualSignalsBetweenPersonsontheGroundandinAircraftDuringGroundEmergencies^SCOPE:1.Scope1.1Thispracticecoversthesignalstobeusedbetweenpersonsonthegroundandinaircraftwhentwo-wayvoicecommunicationscannotbeestablishedduringgroundemergencies.Groundsignalsarelimitedtoland-basedonesthatdonotrequirespecialequipment.Flare,light,panel,andmaritimesignalsarespecificallyexcluded.1.2Thesignalsaredividedintotwocategories:thoseusedbypersonsonthegroundandthoseusedbyaircraft.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:V04
【国际标准分类号】:03_220_50
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】: